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domingo, 13 de diciembre de 2015

Criminology Prize Winners 2016


Criminology Prize Winners 2016


The international jury for the Stockholm Prize in Criminology has selected Travis W. Hirschi, Cathy Spatz Widom and Per-Olof Wikström, as award winners 2016. The winners are awarded the prize in recognition of their important joint advance in knowledge about how parents and peers shape successes, or failures, in preventing adult violence and crime.


                  
                                                   Video from Criminology Prize Winners 2016

Travis Hirschi
The first study began in 1965, when Travis Hirschi gathered data on 4,077 teenagers in Richmond California, testing and developing his “Social Bonding Theory” of crime. Hirschi’s theory went on to become what is described as the most influential criminological theory of the current era, stimulating more research than any other.
His theory did not ask why people do break the law, but why people don’t break the law. His answer is that adolescents decide not to commit crimes according to the degree of their attachmentto their parents, their commitment to conventional success, their involvement with conventional activities, and their beliefs in conventional moral values.

In his studies of the police records, self-reported criminal activities and attitudes of these teenagers, Hirschi showed the importance of their attachment to parents not in directly preventing crime, but it shaping commitment, involvement and belief. Even with unconventional or criminal parents, Hirschi found, with confirmation from police records, that having strong attachments to one or both parents acted to prevent delinquency, and even increased respect for police. 

Cathy Spatz Widom 
While Hirschi showed what parents did right, Cathy Spatz Widom pioneered in systematic research on what parents did wrong. In tracking 908 children in 1967-71 in a Midwestern US city who, before the age of 11, had been victims of criminal abuse or neglect by responsible adults in, she compared them to a matched sample of 667 control group children for whom there was no criminal record of abuse or neglect. Over the next two decades, she found that maltreatment of children increased their adult rates of crime and violence, but that most maltreated children had no criminal record as adults. Her evidence suggested a more complex relationship between parents and maltreated children than the conventional “cycle of violence” theory, that violence begets violence—which it did not, in three out of four cases. Her work extended Hirschi’s evidence that even bad parenting can have good features, that even criminal parents might build strong attachments with their children, which lead children to obey the law. 

 Per-Olof Wikström
The work of Per-Olof Wikström, who is the first Swedish criminologist to win the prize, offers the most detailed evidence on the dynamic processes by which children negotiate their daily lives between their parents and peers. In a ten-year study of 716 families in the ethnically diverse city of Peterborough, England, Wikström developed his own Situational Action Theory in expanding greatly the earlier findings of his co-winners. Measuring behaviour by day-by-day tracking of where the adolescents were, with how many peers, in what criminogenic or morally hazardous environments, Wikstrom was able to test predictions of criminality in new ways. His data included exposure to morally hazardous situations, as well as teenagers’ moral beliefs and propensity to commit crimes. By frequently interviewing parents as well as children, Wikström added major insights into the role parents play in preventing juvenile crime by restricting access to criminogenic peers and shaping the morality of their children.
  

Travis W. Hirschi

Travis W. Hirschi (born in 1935 in Rockville, Utah) is Emeritus Professor of Sociology at the University of Arizona. He received his Ph.D. from the University of California at Berkeley in 1968. His previous appointments included the University of Washington, University of California at Davis, and the State University of New York at Albany School of Criminal Justice. He is a Fellow and past President of the American Society of Criminology, and winner of its highest prize for scholarship, the Edwin Sutherland Award. His major works include “Causes of Delinquency”and “A General Theory of Crime”.

Cathy Spatz Widom

Cathy Spatz Widom (born in 1945) is Distinguished Professor of Psychology at the John Jay College of Criminal Justice and a member of the Graduate Center of the City University of New York. After she received her Ph.D. from Brandeis University, she taught at Harvard, the University of Indiana, and the State University of New York at Albany’s School of Crimnal Justice. A Fellow of both the American Society of Criminology and the American Psychological Association, she won the 1989 American Association for the Advancement of Science Behavioral Science Research Prize for her paper on the "cycle of violence”.

Per-Olof Wikström

Per-Olof Wikström (born in 1955 in Uppsala, Sweden) is Professor of Ecological and Developmental Criminology, Director of the Centre for Analytic Criminology, and Fellow of Girton College at the University of Cambridge. After receiving his PhD in criminology from the University of Stockholm, he worked at both the Swedish National Council for Crime Prevention and the Swedish National Police School. He is has been elected a Fellow of the British Academy, the American Society of Criminology, and of the Center for Advanced Study in the Behavioral Sciences at Stanford. The winner of the American Society of Criminology’s Sellin-Glueck Award for international contributions to Criminology, he is Director of the Economic and Social Research Council’s Peterborough Adolescent and Young Adult Development Study.



Further information

  • Chairmen of the Jury

Professor Lawrence Sherman, University of Cambridge and University of Maryland:
Lawrence.Sherman@crim.cam.ac.uk, +44 (0)1223 335 369
Professor Jerzy Sarnecki, Stockholm University:
jerzy.sarnecki@criminology.su.se, +46 (0)8-16 21 02


  • Award winners

Professor Travis W. Hirschi, tfn +1-520-297-6032 alt.travishirschi212@gmail.com
Professor Cathy Spatz Widom, tfn +1-212-237-8978 alt.cwidom@jjay.cuny.edu
Professor Per-Olof Wikström, tfn +44 (0)1223 335378 alt. pow20@cam.ac.uk


  • Prize award ceremony

The prize ceremony will take place in the Stockholm City Hall on June 15th, 2016.

____
Source: http://www.su.se/english/about/prizes-awards/the-stockholm-prize-in-criminology/criminology-prize-winners-2016-1.255296

lunes, 12 de octubre de 2015

Criminología Esotérica

Nasce la “Criminologia Esoterica”

by GIULIO PERROTTA

October 11, 2015


(di Jessica Sabatelli) Nasce, per la prima volta, e completamente diversificata dal classico corso di formazione in “scena del crimine” e “culti settari”, la “criminologia esoterica”.

L’Università Internazionale di Scienze della Sicurezza e della Difesa Sociale “UNISED” (www.unised.it) apre le porte al mondo del paranormale, offrendo agli studenti e ai fruitori dei servizi didattici un corso di formazione interamente dedicato all’indagine criminologica e investigativa dei fenomeni paranormali e misteriosi, legati al mondo dell’occulto, dello spiritismo, della demonologia e dell’ufologia.

In convenzione con l’Associazione Nazionale Criminologi e Criminalisti ANCRIM, il Corso di formazione si terrà a Milano l’11, 12 e 13 Dicembre 2015 presso le sedi didattiche dell’UNISED e presenteranno i risultati degli studi e degli approfondimenti il Dott. Giulio Perrotta (giurista, criminologo, docente esperto tecnico in criminologia applicata, mediatore civile e saggista, gestore del portale www.giulioperrotta.it) e la Prof. Deborah Capasso De Angelis (Rettore Vicario UNISED, Presidente dell’Associazione Nazionale Criminologi e Criminalisti ANCRIM, sociologa e criminologa).

Visitando i seguenti indirizzo web , sarà possibile scaricare la domanda di iscrizione:
a)  http://www.ancrim.it/corso-in-criminologia-esoterica.html
b)  http://www.unised.it/eventi.html
  
Il testo didattico consigliato è il “Manuale di Criminologia Esoterica“, pubblicato dalla Primiceri
Editore nell’Ottobre 2015 e acquistabile dal 21 Ottobre sul sito www.primicerieditore.it.

Nel dettaglio, il manuale propone un’attenta analisi degli aspetti scientifici e tecnici dei fenomeni “occulti”, ponendo l’accento sulla gestione generale dell’indagine legata ai culti settari e ai culti improntati sul fenomeno spiritico, demoniaco e ufologico.
Ogni capitolo è accompagnato da materiale fotografico illustrato, oltre i riferimenti tecnici per imparare a distinguere i genuini fenomeni legati al culto esoterico e delle origini, dal culto moderno.
Un viaggio intenso nei meandri della criminologia esoterica, spiegato passo passo, che mostrerà l’altra faccia del “normale”.
Agile e scorrevole, il testo si propone per tutti coloro che vogliono approfondire  le materie legate al mondo dell’occulto; inoltre, l’opera di 536 pagine è arricchita da 2 contributi-interviste a Mauro Biglino e Daniele Gullà, volti noti della televisione italiana.
L’indice dell’opera è scaricabile visionando il seguente indirizzo web: 
http://www.giulioperrotta.it/consigli-per-gli-acquisti-libri-musica-ed-eventi/in-libreria/


       Il Manuale di Criminologia Esoterica si accompagna ad un’altra opera, redatta sempre dal
Dott. Giulio Perrotta, con il Maresciallo dei Carabinieri Dott. Stefano Pais (“L’indagine Investigativa“), sempre pubblicato dalla Primiceri Editore nell’Ottobre 2015, completando così le nozioni tecniche di base in tema di investigazione tecnica.

Questo secondo manuale propone invece un’attenta analisi dei profili logici, analitici, dinamici, pratici, tecnici, criminologici, criminalistici, probatori e processuali dell’attività investigativa, ponendo l’accento sulla gestione generale dell’indagine, soffermandosi sulla fase organizzativa, operativa, emotiva, informativa e valutativa.
Corredato di esempi pratici e riferimenti normativi, adotta un taglio versatile e giovanile, lontano dai linguaggi troppo tecnici e privi di qualunque “capacità espressiva”.
Ogni capitolo è accompagnato da un riferimento giuridico, psicologico, sociologico e scientifico, in modo tale da adattare il testo allo studio base della disciplina investigativa.
Corposo ma scorrevole, lo stile adottato promuove una nuova cultura logica, improntata sulla comprensione dei fenomeni sotto ogni profilo possibile, arricchendo l’opera con una sezione finale dedicata ai principali atti di Polizia Giudiziaria.
Al seguente indirizzo è possibile acquistarlo:
http://www.primicerieditore.it/prodotto/lindagine-investigativa-manuale-teorico-pratico-stefano-pais-giulio-perrotta/
Non resta che aspettare “Dicembre” per approfondire la materia criminologica applicata ai culti esoterici.

____
Fuente: http://www.laltrapagina.it/mag/nasce-la-criminologia-esoterica/

martes, 24 de febrero de 2015

Ciudades más violentas. Ranking 2014



Ranking de las ciudades más violentas, 2014

 

EFE.- La ciudad hondureña de San Pedro Sula es por cuarto año consecutivo la ciudad más violenta del mundo, seguida por la capital venezolana, Caracas, y el puerto mexicano de Acapulco, según una lista elaborada por una organización no gubernamental mexicana difundida hoy. 

Con una tasa de 171,20 homicidios por cada 100.000 habitantes en 2014, San Pedro Sula encabezó nuevamente la clasificación de las 50 ciudades más violentas del mundo que cada año realiza el Consejo Ciudadano para la Seguridad Pública y la Justicia Penal. 

"El ranking (que se publicó por primera vez en 2008) sí tiene una utilidad; es un trabajo político que sirve a la autoridad y la sociedad civil para ver cómo están, si están bien o mal, y haya compromisos de la autoridad a bajar la tasa de homicidios", explicó el presidente de la ONG, José Antonio Ortega, en conferencia de prensa. 

Caracas y Acapulco ocuparon la segunda y tercera posición, al igual que en 2013, con tasas de 115,98 y 104,16 homicidios por 100.000 habitantes, respectivamente. 

De la lista de las 50 ciudades más violentas, 19 se ubican en Brasil, 10 en México, cinco en Colombia, cuatro en Venezuela, cuatro en Estados Unidos, tres en Sudáfrica y dos en Honduras; y con una ciudad se ubican El Salvador, Guatemala y Jamaica. 

El reporte, que toma en cuenta únicamente los homicidios dolosos en poblaciones de más de 300.000 habitantes, indica que la mayoría de las 50 ciudades más violentas del mundo se ubican en el continente americano (47) y en particular en América Latina (43). 

Sobre Acapulco indicó que "tiene que haber políticas públicas más claras, una señal clara de que el Gobierno está entendiendo el problema y que se debe castigar a los políticos coludidos con el crimen organizado". 

Afirmó que al Gobierno mexicano le están "faltando voluntad y claridad, y señales de esperanza hacia la población". 

En cuanto a México en específico, Ortega explicó que la ola de violencia que se registró durante 2014 colocó a la ciudad de Acapulco,Guerrero México, en el tercer sitio dentro de las 50 ciudades más peligrosas del mundo; de acuerdo con el ranking dado a conocer por el Consejo Ciudadano para la Seguridad Pública y la Justicia Penal, la ciudad turística de Guerrero registró una tasa de 104.16 homicidios por cada 100 mil habitantes; y las otras nueve ciudades mexicanas más violentas son: Culiacán, Juárez, Obregón, Nuevo Laredo, Victoria, Chihuahua, Tijuana, Torreón y Cuernavaca.

Ortega, encargado de la presentación, lamentó que a la lista de 2014 hayan ingresado las ciudades brasileñas de Teresina, Porto Alegre y Curitiba, y la mexicana Ciudad Obregón. 

Asimismo, se congratuló de la salida de Santa Marta (Colombia), San Juan (Puerto Rico), Maracaibo (Venezuela) y Puerto Príncipe (Haití) que figuraron en 2013. Esas cuatro ciudades tuvieron tasas inferiores a la de Cuernavaca (México), que con 25,45 homicidios por 100.000 habitantes ocupó el lugar 50. 

Por otro lado, las disminuciones más significativas fueron las de las ciudades colombianas y mexicanas. La mayor reducción de un año a otro se registró en Torreón (México), del orden del 49 % al pasar de una tasa de 54,24 en 2013 a 27,81 en 2014. 

Subrayó que el caso de mayor reducción de homicidios en los últimos años es el de Medellín (Colombia). "En 2010 Medellín ocupó la décima posición con una tasa de 82,62 homicidios, pero en 2014 bajó hasta la posición 49 con una tasa de 26,91; en cuatro años la tasa descendió un 67 %", apuntó. 

"Colombia limpió a su policía y limpió a sus instituciones políticas y públicas y castigaron a quienes colaboraron con el crimen organizado, algo que en México no se ve. De mantenerse esta tendencia es casi seguro que en 2015 Medellín saldrá de la lista", dijo Ortega. 

    En tanto, los incrementos más significativos se produjeron en la ciudad estadounidense de St. Louis (46,27 %) y la salvadoreña San Salvador (36,79 %). 

Sobre la metodología y las fuentes del ranking, Ortega explicó que se recurrió a fuentes de información oficial de todos los países y a las cuales se tiene acceso por internet. 

El documento está en la página web del organismo en inglés, portugués y español.  He aquí el ranking:
 




Posición
Ciudad
País
Homicidios
Habitantes
Tasa
1
San Pedro Sula
Honduras
1,317
769,025
171.20
2
Caracas
Venezuela
3,797
3,273,863
115.98
3
Acapulco
México
883
847,735
104.16
4
João Pessoa
Brasil
620
780,738
79.41
5
Distrito Central
Honduras
928
1,195,456
77.65
6
Maceió
Brasil
733
1,005,319
72.91
7
Valencia
Venezuela
1086
1,527,920
71.08
8
Fortaleza
Brasil
2,541
3,818,380
66.55
9
Cali
Colombia
1,530
2,344,734
65.25
10
São Luís
Brasil
908
1,403,111
64.71
11
Natal
Brasil
931
1,462,045
63.68
12
Ciudad Guayana
Venezuela
536
862,720
62.13
13
San Salvador
El Salvador
1,067
1,743,315
61.21
14
Cape Town
Sudáfrica
2,244
3,740,026
60.00
15
Vitoria
Brasil
1074
1,884,096
57.00
16
Cuiabá
Brasil
467
827,104
56.46
17
Salvador (y RMS)
Brasil
2,129
3,919,864
54.31
18
Belém
Brasil
1,130
2,129,515
53.06
19
ST. Louis
Estados Unidos
159
318,416
49.93
20
Teresina
Brasil
416
840,600
49.49
21
Barquisimeto
Venezuela
601
1,293,693
46.46
22
Detroit
Estados Unidos
309
688,701
44.87
23
Goiânia
Brasil
633
1,412,364
44.82
24
Culiacán
México
384
910,564
42.17
25
Guatemala
Guatemala
1,288
3,074,054
41.90
26
Kingston
Jamaica
495
1,219,366
40.59
27
Juárez
México
538
1,347,165
39.94
28
New Orleans
Estados Unidos
150
378,715
39.61
29
Recife
Brasil
1518
3,887,261
39.05
30
Campina Grande
Brasil
153
402,912
37.97
31
Obregón
México
120
318,184
37.71
32
Palmira
Colombia
114
302,727
37.66
33
Manaus
Brasil
749
2,020,301
37.07
34
Nuevo Laredo
México
142
406,598
34.92
35
Nelson Mandela Bay
Sudáfrica
402
1,152,115
34.89
36
Pereira
Colombia
162
467,185
34.68
37
Porto Alegre
Brasil
1,442
4,161,237
34.65
38
Durban
Sudáfrica
1187
3,442,361
34.48
39
Aracaju
Brasil
312
912,647
34.19
40
Baltimore
Estados Unidos
211
622,104
33.92
41
Victoria
México
117
345,080
33.91
42
Belo Horizonte
Brasil
1,926
5,767,414
33.39
43
Chihuahua
México
289
868,145
33.29
44
Curitiba
Brasil
587
1,864,416
31.48
45
Tijuana
México
502
1,678,880
29.90
46
Macapá
Brasil
129
446,757
28.87
47
Cúcuta
Colombia
183
643,666
28.43
48
Torreón
México
330
1,186,637
27.81
49
Medellín
Colombia
657
2,441,123
26.91
50
Cuernavaca
México
168
660,215
25.45